Russia to Help Cambodia Develop Nuclear Power
Russia is to help Cambodia build a nuclear power plant to produce cheaper energy in an effort to become increasingly energy self-reliant and increase competitiveness within the integrated region.
The MoU on “Cooperation in Nuclear Power Use for Peaceful Development “was one among 10 pacts signed between Cambodian Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen and visiting Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev during his 3-day trip to Cambodia in November 2015. The visit also markedthe first visit to the kingdom by a senior Russian statesman since 1986.
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ils about the nuclear power program have been released including the location, specific date and number of plants. But officials from both sides told the media it will require decades to build the plant(s) in a low-capability nation like Cambodia.
Cambodia continues to rely heavily on imported fuel and power from neighbouring Vietnam and Thailand. The energy tariff here is among the most expensive in Southeast Asia which deters many investors to the kingdom.
The nationwide electricity cut on the night of 26 November 2015 caused by a fault in the Vietnamese national grid clearly demonstrated Cambodia’s need for more affordable means of energy generation if it wishes to attract more investment.
Compared to conventional fuel power plants, nuclear power plants offers lower greenhouse gas emissions, powerful and efficient electricity, reliable, cheap electricity, low fuel cost, continuous and last-long supply, and easy fuel transportation as 28 grams of uranium releases as much energy as produced from 100 metric tons of coal.
All emerging economies are now facing a key issue which is the reliable, cheap and guaranteed source of energy to ensure their national development, Sergei Kirienko, head of Russia’s state-own nuclear plant builder Rosatom told media in Russia, Reuters reported.
“The Cambodian government is mulling, in future, a nuclear power station construction,” Kirienko said. “Perhaps, it is better to begin with a research reactor and a research centre in Cambodia.”
Under the agreement, the first package of Russian support to Cambodia will provide expertise, research and training about the power plants to build Cambodian human resources.
A group of Russian atomic engineers will come to train local engineers about radiation technologies and medicine, then build and operate an atomic research centre with multiple test reactors before moving to generating power.
While the World Energy Council’s annual index ranked Cambodia at 116th in accessibility and affordability of energy across the population, Russia is treated as a world leader in exporting nuclear technology to developing countries, said David Hess, a spokesman of the World Nuclear Association, according to the Phnom Penh Post.
Hess said Russia’s package deal to clients are favourable as they provide good financing procedures, including training to both technicians and regulators and often lease nuclear fuel rods, taking back used fuel for disposal. This makes the nuclear fuel cycle much simpler.
Despite the strong support from Russia, many energy experts, as well as the general public, are hesitant about Cambodia’s capacity to handle such high-risk atomic power generators when the country’s disaster response mechanism is still weak.
According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), countries intending to implant nuclear energy should meet 19 criteria, including forming a nuclear regulator, a legislative framework, a robust grid, financing availability, environmental protection and others. Cambodia doesn’t meet any of these criteria yet.
Despite these roadblocks, David Hess of the World Nuclear Association isn’t surprised to learn that Cambodia wants atomic reactors to promote economic growth, noting that other ASEAN members are doing so to prepare for AEC.
After openly considering the nuclear energy option as a potential way to feed soaring domestic demand, PM Hun Sen publicly rejected nuclear energy development in 2014 following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011, the largest nuclear disaster since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.
To date, significant Cambodian government investment energy generation has focused mainly on hydropower dams. However, it has already been studying nuclear power technology in order to keep up with other ASEAN states on energy sector.
Between now and 2022, Cambodia will invest between $900 million and $1 billion plus just in transmission and distribution alone, HE Keo Rottanak, Director of EDC, the country’s state-run energy operator told Construction & Property Magazine in 2014.
“…typically it takes about 8 to 10 years to realise a generation project. The fruits that we start to enjoy now are the result of the good work of the Prime Minister and the government over the last 10 years,” he said.
He also admitted the difficult balance between the needs for electricity development and environmental protection. “If we don’t develop hydropower, if we don’t use some coal, what other fuels do we have? It takes time for effort to coordinate the technical development, the financing, and of course the construction.”
Cambodia must increasingly be self-sustaining so it can meet domestic demand and provide the basis for economic development so industries, including construction, can benefit more, he added.
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